Folklor Lintas Medium: Transformasi Naratif Adaptif dalam Legenda Dewi Rengganis di Jawa Timur dan Sasak Lombok

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis variasi legenda Dewi Rengganis berdasarkan struktur cerita, tokoh, latar, motif, nilai budaya, serta konteks folklor dan tradisi lisan; pola transformasi unsur naratif dan budaya serta hubungan transmisi antarsumber dan fungsi mitos lokal serta potensinya bagi pengembangan seni dan pembelajaran sastra berbasis kearifan lokal. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi komparatif dalam kerangka kajian folklor dan tradisi lisan. Data diperoleh dari lima korpus legenda Rengganis dokumentasi tradisi lisan, karya ilmiah, sumber populer, buku antologi, dan transliterasi lontar. Analisis dilakukan melalui kategorisasi data, pemetaan fungsi naratif dan matriks komparatif untuk mengidentifikasi persamaan, perbedaan, kesinambungan, serta transformasi antarkorpus. Tahapan analisis mencakup identifikasi unsur cerita, perbandingan fungsi dan makna, penelusuran pola perubahan, serta interpretasi hubungan antarsumber berdasarkan konteks budaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variasi genealogi, relasi antartokoh, konflik, ruang naratif, motif, dan supranatural, dengan kesinambungan pada tokoh Rengganis, keterkaitannya dengan Argopuro, pola perjalanan dan konflik, serta dominasi unsur supranatural. Transformasi berlangsung adaptif melalui reproduksi, penyesuaian, pengembangan, dan rekonstruksi unsur naratif dan budaya sesuai konteks sumber, sedangkan transmisi antarkorpus menunjukkan pola tidak linear. Mitos lokal berfungsi memaknai ruang, memelihara ingatan kolektif, memperkuat identitas budaya, dan mewariskan nilai sosial-budaya, serta berpotensi dimanfaatkan dalam apresiasi seni dan pembelajaran sastra berbasis kearifan lokal.

This study aims to analyze variations in the legend of Dewi Rengganis based on narrative structure, characters, setting, motifs, cultural values, and the context of folklore and oral tradition; patterns of transformation in narrative and cultural elements as well as transmission relationships between sources and the function of local myths and their potential for the development of the arts and literature education grounded in local wisdom. The study employs a qualitative comparative approach within the framework of folklore and oral tradition studies. Data were obtained from five corpora of Rengganis legends, including oral tradition documentation, scholarly works, popular sources, anthologies, and transliterations of lontar manuscripts. Analysis was conducted through data categorization, mapping of narrative functions, and a comparative matrix to identify similarities, differences, continuities, and transformations across the corpora. The analysis stages included identifying story elements, comparing functions and meanings, tracing patterns of change, and interpreting relationships between sources based on cultural context. The research findings reveal variations in genealogy, inter-character relationships, conflicts, narrative space, motifs, and supernatural elements, with continuity evident in the character of Rengganis, her connection to Argopuro, patterns of journey and conflict, and the dominance of supernatural elements. Transformation occurs adaptively through the reproduction, adaptation, development, and reconstruction of narrative and cultural elements in accordance with the source context, while transmission between corpora exhibits a nonlinear pattern. Local myths serve to give meaning to space, preserve collective memory, strengthen cultural identity, and pass down sociocultural values, and have the potential to be utilized in art appreciation and literature education grounded in local wisdom.