Defisit Empati Komunikatif dan Otoritarianisme Wacana: Analisis Pragmatik Tuturan Tenaga Kesehatan di Media Sosial

Abstract

Perkembangan media sosial telah mengaburkan batas antara ruang privat dan profesionalitas tenaga kesehatan, memicu munculnya komunikasi bermasalah yang sarat agresi verbal di ruang siber. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dimensi pragmatis tuturan tenaga kesehatan di media sosial melalui sintesis interdisipliner antara teori Tindak Tutur (Searle), Prinsip Kesantunan (Leech), dan konsep efek disinhibisi siber. Penelitian kualitatif deskriptif ini menggunakan metode analisis isi pragmatik. Berdasarkan rekam jejak purposive sampling, analisis difokuskan pada 20 korpus data terverifikasi dari akun publik di platform Threads, TikTok, X (Twitter), Facebook, dan YouTube periode Oktober 2020 hingga Agustus 2026. Pengumpulan data menerapkan protokol etika siber berupa pengarsipan lokal tersandi dan anonimisasi ketat dengan fokus analisis murni pada wujud kebahasaan. Unit analisis dibatasi pada teks tertulis dan transkripsi tuturan lisan, tanpa mengevaluasi gestur visual. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan dua pola utama yaitu vulgarisasi edukasi kesehatan dan orientasi otoritarianisme dalam perdebatan digital. Wacana didominasi oleh tindak tutur ekspresif-destruktif dan asertif-strategis untuk mempertegas otoritas asimetris. Fenomena ini ditandai oleh pelanggaran terhadap Maksim Simpati, Maksim Penghargaan, dan Maksim Kesederhanaan yang bermuara pada terjadinya "defisit empati komunikatif". Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa mekanisme pelampiasan frustrasi memicu pergeseran wacana komunikasi profesional menjadi unjuk superioritas. Temuan ini mendesak urgensi perumusan standar literasi digital dan kesantunan berbahasa bagi tenaga kesehatan guna mencegah persinggungan dengan pelanggaran etika profesi dan hukum siber.

The rise of social media has blurred the line between the private and professional spheres of healthcare workers, triggering problematic communication rife with verbal aggression in cyberspace. This study aims to analyze the pragmatic dimensions of healthcare workers’ discourse on social media through an interdisciplinary synthesis of Speech Act Theory (Searle), the Principles of Politeness (Leech), and the concept of cyber disinhibition. This descriptive qualitative study employs a pragmatic content analysis method. Based on a purposive sampling approach, the analysis focuses on 20 verified data corpora from public accounts on the platforms Threads, TikTok, X (Twitter), Facebook, and YouTube during the period from October 2020 to August 2026. Data collection adhered to a cyber ethics protocol involving encrypted local archiving and strict anonymization, with the analysis focusing exclusively on linguistic manifestations. The units of analysis were limited to written texts and transcriptions of spoken utterances, without evaluating visual gestures. The results revealed two main patterns: the vulgarization of health education and an authoritarian orientation in digital debates. The discourse is dominated by expressive-destructive and assertive-strategic speech acts intended to reinforce asymmetrical authority. This phenomenon is characterized by violations of the Maxim of Sympathy, the Maxim of Respect, and the Maxim of Simplicity, which ultimately lead to a “deficit in communicative empathy.” This study concludes that the mechanism of frustration venting triggers a shift in professional communication discourse toward displays of superiority. These findings underscore the urgent need to formulate standards for digital literacy and linguistic courtesy among healthcare professionals to prevent violations of professional ethics and cyberlaw.