Abstract
Linguistic diversity in regional languages across Indonesia reveals intriguing potential for genealogical kinship studies within the framework of Comparative Historical Linguistics. Sundanese spoken in Sindangkerta (BS) and Malay spoken in Ranai (BM) are geographically distant, yet show lexical similarities in their basic vocabulary. This study aims to calculate the percentage of lexical kinship between BS and BM while analyzing the patterns of phonological sound changes occurring between them. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating quantitative lexicostatistical analysis with qualitative phonological correspondence. Primary data were collected using an instrument of 209 modified Swadesh basic vocabulary items through observation, note-taking, and interview techniques with native speakers. The findings demonstrate that the degree of lexical kinship between BS and BM is 28.7%, classifying the relationship between the two languages under the 'stock' category. Phonologically, the sound shifts between the two languages are dominated by vowel changes with 32 occurrences, followed by sound additions or anaptyxis (prosthesis, epenthesis, paragoge), sound deletions or zeroization (apheresis, syncope, apocope), as well as labialization, palatalization, and consonant changes, with no instances of monophthongization or diphthongization observed. This study concludes that significant geographical separation leads to a high degree of basic vocabulary divergence, even though the sound change processes remain bound by regular phonological shift rules within the Austronesian language family.
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